![]() | By: Michael Treacy Fred Wiersema Binding: Hardcover Publisher: Diane Pub Co ISBN: 0756750555 ISBN-13: 9780756750558 Released: 02 Jul 1995 RRP: Average Rating: ![]() |



The authors manage to take Michael Porter's two generic competitive strategies - Differentiation & Cost Leader - & elaborate on these to an extent never presented so elegantly before. In the process, they discover a third generic strategy - Customer Intimacy.
Thus, Treacy & Wiersema distinguish between focusing on the following value dimensions:
- Operational excellence (cost leadership / focus on supply chain management)
- Product leadership (innovation / focus on product lifecycle management)
- Customer Intimacy (service leadership /focus on customer relationship management)
These are the FOUR RULES that govern market leaders' actions:
Rule 1: Provide the best offering in the marketplace by excelling in a specific dimension of value
Rule 2: Maintain threshold standards on the other dimensions of value
Rule 3: Dominate your market by improving value year after year
Rule 4: Build a well-tuned operating model dedicated to delivering unmatched value
Expanding on the fourth rule - operating models - may the best long-term contribution of this book. The authors explain in detail & via case stories how the operating models differ for each of the three value propositions. In practice, I've learned that by explaining the operating models, many people can easier find themselves depicted than in the overalll generic dimensions of cost, service or product leadership.
OPERATIONAL EXCELLENCE or Cost Leadership - Best total cost - operating model:
Key success factor: Formula!
Golden rule: Variety kills efficiency
Culture: Disciplined teamwork; Process focused; Conformance, "one size fits alll" mindset
Organization: Centralized functions; high skills at the core of the organization
Core processes: Product delivery & basic service cycle; built on standard, no frills fixed assets
Management Systems: Command & control; Compensation fixed to cost & quality; transaction profitability tracking
Information Technology: Integrated, low-cost transaction systems; Mobile & remote technologies
PRODUCT LEADERSHIP - Best product - operating model:
Key success factor: Talent!
Golden rule: Cannibalize your success with breakthroughs
Culture: Concept, future driven; Experimentation, "out of the box" mindset; Attack, go for it, win
Organization: Ad-hoc, organic, & cellular; High skills abound in loose-knit structures
Core processes: Invention, Commercialisation; Market exploitation; Disjoint work procedures
Management Systems: Decisive, risk oriented; Reward individuals' innovation capacity; Product lifecycle profitability
Information Technology: Person-to-person communications systems; Technologies enabling cooperation & knowledge management
CUSTOMER INTIMACY - Best total solution - operating model:
Key success factor: Solution!
Golden rule: Solve the client's broader problem
Culture: Client & filed driven; Variation: "Have it your way" mindset
Organization: Entrepreneurial client teams; High skills in the field
Core processes: Client acquisition & development; Solution development; Flexible & responsive work procedures
Management Systems: Revenue & share-of-walllet driven; Rewards based in part on client feedback; Lifetime value of client
Information Technology: Customer databases linking internal & external information; Knowledge bases built around expertise
If you're interested in Customer Intimacy, you may want to add Wiersema's additional book on only this strategy to your shopping basket. I highly recommend both paperback books ... great value for money ;-)
Peter Leerskov,
MSc in International Business (Marketing & Management) & Graduate Diploma in E-business


I hope the authors will go on to publish a sequel that looks at how an organization that is superb in one of these areas learns how to become superb at a second or third of the three areas. That clearly will be the future best practice that outstanding enterprises will have to shoot for.
I am not sure that some organizations are not already good at more than one area of focus: For example, a great investment bank (like say, Goldman Sachs) will have more innovative products than most of its competition in certain areas & will also offer great relationships.
The book does not say very much specificallly about how to achieve an outstanding result in any one of the proposed three areas of focus. You'll have to read other books for help there. Direct from Dell is probably good for the price/cost model for most New Economy businesses & Old Economy businesses that are subject to the New Economy. For the rest, Lean Thinking will be helpful. On the subject of relationships, the Harvey Mackey books are good, such as Dig Your Well Before You're Thirsty. On innovation, everyone should read The Innovator's Dilemma. Only the Paranoid Survive is also helpful for innovators.
Pick your direction today, & move forward at warp speed!
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